Islamic Civilization 600-1000 AD
Origins of Islam
· Muhammad, the Prophet
· Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula: Early Muslim cities
Spread of Islam
· Across Asia and Africa and into Spain
· Geographic extent of first Muslim empire
Beliefs, traditions, and customs of Islam
· Monotheism: Allah (Arabic word for God)
· Qur’an (Koran): The word of God
· Five Pillars of Islam
- Acceptance of Judeo-Christian prophets, including Moses and Jesus
· Muhammad, the Prophet
· Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula: Early Muslim cities
Spread of Islam
· Across Asia and Africa and into Spain
· Geographic extent of first Muslim empire
Beliefs, traditions, and customs of Islam
· Monotheism: Allah (Arabic word for God)
· Qur’an (Koran): The word of God
· Five Pillars of Islam
- Acceptance of Judeo-Christian prophets, including Moses and Jesus
Geographic Influences
In the first three centuries after Muhammad’s death, Muslim rule expanded rapidly, overcoming geographic barriers, and facilitated by weakened political empires.
Political unity and the Arabic language facilitated trade and stimulated intellectual activity.
Geographic influences on the origin and spread of Islam
· Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and Medina
· Expansion despite great distances, desert environments, and mountain barriers
· Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia facilitated by weak Byzantine and Persian empires
Geographic influences on economic, social, and political development
· Political unity of the first Muslim empire was short-lived.
· Arabic language spread with Islam and facilitated trade across Islamic lands.
· Slavery was not based on race.
Political unity and the Arabic language facilitated trade and stimulated intellectual activity.
Geographic influences on the origin and spread of Islam
· Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and Medina
· Expansion despite great distances, desert environments, and mountain barriers
· Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia facilitated by weak Byzantine and Persian empires
Geographic influences on economic, social, and political development
· Political unity of the first Muslim empire was short-lived.
· Arabic language spread with Islam and facilitated trade across Islamic lands.
· Slavery was not based on race.
Turning Points
Bataille de Poitiers, en octobre 732, by Carl van Steuben
Historical turning points
· Death of Ali: Sunni-Shi’a division
· Muslim conquests of Jerusalem and Damascus
· Islamic capital moved to Baghdad
· Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours
· Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols
· Death of Ali: Sunni-Shi’a division
· Muslim conquests of Jerusalem and Damascus
· Islamic capital moved to Baghdad
· Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours
· Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols
Islamic Cultural and Scientific Achievements
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem
Cultural contributions and achievements
· Architecture (Dome of the Rock)
· Mosaics
· Arabic alphabet
· Universities
· Translation of ancient texts into Arabic
Scientific contributions and achievements
· Arabic numerals (adapted from India, including zero)
· Algebra
· Medicine
· Expansion of geographic knowledge
· Architecture (Dome of the Rock)
· Mosaics
· Arabic alphabet
· Universities
· Translation of ancient texts into Arabic
Scientific contributions and achievements
· Arabic numerals (adapted from India, including zero)
· Algebra
· Medicine
· Expansion of geographic knowledge